Symbolic interactionism states that behavior and norms are learned through individual experience and are subject to change over time.
Structural functionalism states that behavior and norms are upheld and reinforced within the functions of society that coexist and cooperate in upholding peace and social stability. Structural functionalism views society as systems and institutions working together to produce a morally, economically, and socially functioning relationship.
Karl Marx developed conflict theory in the 19th century and stated that power imbalances in society cause social conflicts and can result in deviant behavior, which, in this case, would be a substance use disorder with alcohol or any other drug. Marx’s conflict theory recognizes the existence of two main social class distinctions: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie are the wealthy, mainly business owners and social elite, and the proletariat are the working class who use their labor to make money for necessities to survive.